Solar system while others are emitted from the Sun and pass throughĬrater 1) A depression formed by the impact of a meteorite. Sun or by use of special telescopes called coronagraphs.Ĭoronagraph A special telescope which blocks light from theĭisk of the Sun in order to study the faint solar atmosphere.Ĭosmic ray Electromagnetic rays of extremely high frequency and energy Ĭosmic rays usually interact with the atoms of the atmosphere before It is not visible from the Earth except during a total eclipse of the The transfer of heat by this automatic circulation (see alsoĬorona 1) The upper level of the solar atmosphere,Ĭharacterized by low densities and high temperatures (> 1.0E+06 K) Have been broken, crushed and flattened during shearing.Ĭentral peak The exposed core of uplifted rocks in complex meteorite impactĬraters the central peak material typically shows evidence of intenseįracturing, faulting and shock metamorphism.Ĭhaos A distinctive area of broken terrain.Ĭhromosphere The lower level of the solar atmosphere between the photosphere and the corona.Ĭinders Loose, vesicular volcanic ejecta 4 to 32 millimeters (.16 to 1.28 inches) in diameter.Ĭinder cone A conical hill formed by the accumulation ofįall to the ground in an essentially solid condition.Ĭlast A fragment of rock that has been transported, either by volcanic orĬoma The dust and gas surrounding an active comet's nucleus.Ĭomposite volcano A volcano composed of interbedded lava and pyroclastic materialĬonvection Fluid circulation driven by large temperature gradients Subterranean withdrawal of the magma, although some calderas may be formedīy explosive removal of the upper part of a volcano.Ĭarbonate A compound containing carbon and oxygen an example is calcium carbonate (limestone).Ĭataclastic A texture found in metamorphic rocks in which brittle minerals Roof of a magma chamber due to removal of magma by voluminous eruptions or Most volcanic calderas are produced by collapse of the Held together by a mineral cement or a fine-grained matrix.īutte A conspicuous, isolated, flattop hill with steep slopes.Ĭ calcium K A narrow wavelength of blue light which is emittedĪnd absorbed by ions of the element calcium.Ĭaldera A large, basin-shaped volcanic depression that is more or lessĬircular in form. To subsonic speed by the planetary magnetic field.īreccia A course-grained rock, composed of angular, broken rock fragments Supersonic flow of the solar wind is slowed It will not reradiate all the excess heat and the leftover will go towardīlack hole An object whose gravity is so strong that the escape velocity exceedsīow shock The outermost part of a planetary That are relatively rich in iron and magnesium.īlackbody temperature The temperature of an object if it is reradiating all the thermalĮnergy that has been added to it if an object is not a blackbody radiator, Solar wind, the Earth's magnetic field and the upper atmosphere Ī similar effect happens in the southern hemisphere where it is known asī bar A unit of pressure, equal to the sea-level pressure of Earth'sĪtmosphere 1 bar is equivalent to 0.987 atmosphere or 10,000 newtonsīasalt A general term for dark-colored, igneous rocks composed of minerals Planet's magnetic field and charged particles from the Sun.Īurora borealis The Northern Lights caused by the interaction between the Standard atmospheric pressure at sea level on Earth.Īurora A glow in a planet's ionosphere caused by the interaction between the It has no particular meaning except that asteroid N+1 was discoveredĪstronomical unit (AU) The average distance from the Earth to the Sun ġ AU is 149,597,870 kilometers (92,960,116 miles).Ītmosphere One atmosphere is 14.7 pounds per square inch Particle is defined to have a diameter of less than 2 millimeters.Īsteroid number Asteroids are assigned a serial number when they are discovered Partly fill the crater or blankets its outer flanks after the impactĪlpha Centauri The closest bright star to our solar system.Īntipodal point The point that is directly on the opposite side of the planet e.g., theĮarth's north pole is antipodal to its south pole.Īphelion The point in its orbit where a planet is farthest from the Sun.Īpoapsis The point in orbit farthest from the planet.Īpogee The point in orbit farthest from the Earth.Īsh The fine-grained material produced by a Out of the crater during its formation that either falls back to That might not be a geological or topographical feature.Īllocthonous (1) Material that is formed or introduced from somewhere other Terms and Definitions Terms and DefinitionsĪccretion Accumulation of dust and gas into larger bodies.Īlbedo Reflectivity of an object ratio of reflected light to incident light.Īlbedo feature A dark or light marking on the surface of an object
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